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Collective Investment Organizations (CIOs)
Mutual funds are companies that collect, invest, and/or manage the savings of various investors. These organizations allow investors to reduce their exposure to risk (diversification), spread their investments more widely, gain easier access to new opportunities, achieve economies of scale, and benefit from the skills of professionals or experts.


Financial securities: negotiable debt securities
Salamno , visionary! Naimbag a bigat , descendant of Abraham! “ The LORD is not slow in keeping his promise, as some understand slowness. Instead he is patient with you, not wanting anyone to perish, but everyone to come to repentance .” (2 Peter 3:9, NIV) The LORD is not slow. He is waiting for you to grow. For you to gain wisdom. For you to exercise your intelligence. For you to dare. For you to move forward. For you to sow. For your motivations to be good. For your prayer
Simone-Christelle NgoMakon
Dec 14, 2025


Financial securities : the bonds
A bond is a security representing a portion of a debt.
Simone-Christelle NgoMakon
Dec 12, 2025


Financial securities: shares and stock
Listed shares are traded on the stock exchange. The price is set by supply and demand. Unlisted shares are traded over the counter between investors. The price is set by them (direct negotiation). These shares are less liquid than listed shares. This means that they sell less quickly and the price is often not known in advance. Unlisted shares are held in registered form.
Simone-Christelle NgoMakon
Dec 12, 2025


The different types of investments (P.3): tontines
A tontine can be both revolving and accumulative.
Simone-Christelle NgoMakon
Aug 3, 2025


Different types of investment (P.2): insurance products
Insurance products are containers, investment envelopes, not assets.
Simone-Christelle NgoMakon
May 31, 2025


Market capitalization and financial capitalization
In finance, the word capitalization refers to two concepts: market capitalization or market valuation, and financial capitalization.
Simone-Christelle NgoMakon
Feb 8, 2025


The different types of investment (P.1): interest-bearing savings
These are sums deposited in financial establishments, in savings accounts or term accounts, remunerated by interest income.
Simone-Christelle NgoMakon
Jan 28, 2025


Investment or speculation (Investor Mail #2)
The speculator is betting to make the maximum profit in the minimum time, with a very high level of risk.
Simone-Christelle NgoMakon
Jan 9, 2024


Investing: yes, but without the wrong reasons (Investor Mail #1)
Yes to investment, no to unethical, dishonest, obsessive enrichment or enrichment at the expense of others.
Simone-Christelle NgoMakon
Jan 22, 2023
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