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Collective Investment Organizations (CIOs)
Mutual funds are companies that collect, invest, and/or manage the savings of various investors. These organizations allow investors to reduce their exposure to risk (diversification), spread their investments more widely, gain easier access to new opportunities, achieve economies of scale, and benefit from the skills of professionals or experts.


Financial securities: negotiable debt securities
Salamno , visionary! Naimbag a bigat , descendant of Abraham! “ The LORD is not slow in keeping his promise, as some understand slowness. Instead he is patient with you, not wanting anyone to perish, but everyone to come to repentance .” (2 Peter 3:9, NIV) The LORD is not slow. He is waiting for you to grow. For you to gain wisdom. For you to exercise your intelligence. For you to dare. For you to move forward. For you to sow. For your motivations to be good. For your prayer
Simone-Christelle NgoMakon
Dec 14, 2025


Financial securities : the bonds
A bond is a security representing a portion of a debt.
Simone-Christelle NgoMakon
Dec 12, 2025


Financial securities: shares and stock
Listed shares are traded on the stock exchange. The price is set by supply and demand. Unlisted shares are traded over the counter between investors. The price is set by them (direct negotiation). These shares are less liquid than listed shares. This means that they sell less quickly and the price is often not known in advance. Unlisted shares are held in registered form.
Simone-Christelle NgoMakon
Dec 12, 2025


Bank fees, commissions and interest
Earning money honestly is good. Avoiding unnecessary losses is also good.
Simone-Christelle NgoMakon
Dec 5, 2025


The different types of investments (P.3): tontines
A tontine can be both revolving and accumulative.
Simone-Christelle NgoMakon
Aug 3, 2025


Different types of investment (P.2): insurance products
Insurance products are containers, investment envelopes, not assets.
Simone-Christelle NgoMakon
May 31, 2025


Non-business loans: real estate loans
Buy land, build real estate, finance work, invest in a real estate investment trust
Simone-Christelle NgoMakon
Mar 23, 2025


Tax optimization (Courrier des investisseurs #4)
Sabaidi lumière ! Tax exemption is important, but it's not an end in itself.
Simone-Christelle NgoMakon
Mar 22, 2025


Market capitalization and financial capitalization
In finance, the word capitalization refers to two concepts: market capitalization or market valuation, and financial capitalization.
Simone-Christelle NgoMakon
Feb 8, 2025
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